SeparateCart

bath and body products

2006-08-10T21:05:00.000-07:00

I am a keen internet surfer and I love Talking Scents bath and body products. Their bath bombs not on smell great but they have a fantastic range of competitively priced essential oils.

Karting UK

2006-07-27T06:30:00.000-07:00

Formula Nuts is a grass roots Karting Competition which will provide enthusiasts with an opportunity to be a Motor Racing driver at Silverstone. The winner will race with team nuts at the BTCC. Team Nuts and Virgin have a team for the last 5 races of the BTCCwith Dave Pinkney. KartingQualifying heats will be in the following areas: Karting Edinburgh, Karting Newcastle, Karting Manchester, Karting Liverpool, Karting Birmingham, Karting Bristol, Karting Cardiff and Karting London.

UK Karting Championship

2006-07-20T09:00:00.000-07:00

Formula Nuts brought to you by Drive Sport will be putting together a UK Karting event where the winner will get to race at Silverstone. Karting time trials will be held at the following locations; Karting London, Karting Manchester, Karting Liverpool, Karting Birmingham, Karting Nottingham, Karting Leeds, Karting Newcastle, Karting Sunderland, Karting Bristol, Karting Cardiff, Karting Devon, Karting Midlands, Karting Edinburgh,Karting Glasgowand Karting in Wales

Lopes, Baltasar

2006-01-26T15:05:00.000-08:00

Lopes was educated at the University of Lisbon, where he took a degree in law and in Romance philology. He then returned to Cape Verde and became a high-school teacher and later

Cambisol

2005-11-17T17:55:00.000-08:00

One of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Cambisols are characterized by the absence of a layer of accumulated clay, humus, soluble salts, or iron and aluminum oxides. They differ from unweathered parent material in their aggregate structure, colour, clay content, carbonate content, or other properties that

Bachchan, Amitabh

2005-10-15T13:50:00.000-07:00

Bachchan, the son of the renowned Hindi poet Harivansh Rai Bachchan, attended Sherwood College in Nainital and the University of Delhi. He worked as a business executive in Calcutta (Kolkata) and performed in

Indeterminacy

2005-07-26T17:15:00.000-07:00

In literature, the multiplicity of possible interpretations of given textual elements. The term was given its literary meaning by deconstruction theorists. Indeterminacy is similar to ambiguity as described by the New Critics, but it is applied by its practitioners not only to literature but also to the interpretation of texts.

Brú, Hedin

2005-07-24T06:10:00.000-07:00

At the age of 14 Brú worked as a fisherman. He spent much of the 1920s studying agriculture in Denmark, and from 1928 he was an agricultural adviser to the Faroese government. His first two novels, Longbrá (1930; “Mirage”) and Fastatøkur (1937; “Firm Grip”), dramatize the

Alabastron

2005-07-07T07:35:00.000-07:00

Elongated, narrow-necked flask, used as a perfume or unguent container. The Greek alabastron has no handles but often lugs (ear-shaped projections), sometimes pierced with string holes. There are three types of classical alabastron: a basic Corinthian bulbous shape about 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) high that appeared from the mid-7th century BC and was common in Greece (see ); a long, pointed

Offa's Dyke

2005-07-05T13:10:00.000-07:00

Great English earthwork extending linearly, with some gaps, from the River Severn near Chepstow to the seaward end of the Dee estuary, passing for 169 miles (270 kilometres) through the counties of Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Radnorshire, Montgomeryshire, Shropshire, Denbighshire, and Flintshire. It was built at the orders of Offa, the great Mercian king of the second

Panama

2005-06-17T01:10:00.000-07:00

Electoral campaigning began in preparation for the May 2004 general elections. Three candidates emerged as the leading contenders: Martin Torrijos, who

Puerto De San José

2005-06-13T19:55:00.000-07:00

Port town, south-central Guatemala, situated along the Pacific Ocean. Opened in 1853 and now the nation's third largest port, it is a roadstead with a long wharf; passengers and cargo are transferred from ships anchored 1 mile (1.6 km) offshore. San José handles a considerable portion of Guatemala's imports, especially petroleum; the port's chief exports are molasses, coffee, cotton,

Swallow

2005-06-02T15:10:00.000-07:00

Any of the 74 species of the bird family Hirundinidae (order Passeriformes). A few, including the bank swallow, are called martins (see martin; see also woodswallow; for sea swallow, see tern). Swallows are small, with pointed narrow wings, short bills, and small weak feet; some species have forked tails. Plumage may be plain or marked with metallic blue or green; the sexes look

Affenkapelle Ware

2005-05-31T10:00:00.000-07:00

(German: “Monkey Orchestra”), a series of figures created by the Meissen porcelain factory in Saxony (now in Germany) about 1747 and imitated later. Believed to be a parody of the Dresden Court Orchestra, the set was modeled by the German sculptors Johann Joachim Kändler and Peter Reinicke after fanciful singerie (monkeys in human costume) engravings by the French artists

Aladura

2005-05-17T01:00:00.000-07:00

(Yoruba: “Owners of Prayer”), religious movement among the Yoruba peoples of western Nigeria, embracing some of the independent prophet-healing churches of West Africa. The movement, which in the early 1970s had several hundred thousand adherents, began about 1918 among the younger elite in the well-established Christian community. They were dissatisfied with Western religious

Sea-urchin Cactus

2005-05-14T22:40:00.000-07:00

Any of the genus Echinopsis, family Cactaceae, about 30 species native to South America at medium elevations in desert shrublands or grasslands. Several species, but most especially the Easter lily cactus (E. multiplex), are valued for their ease of growth and large flowers on tubes up to 25 centimetres (10 inches) long. Most are hardy outdoors in Mediterranean

Cyrene

2005-03-15T10:13:00.000-08:00

Ancient Greek colony in Libya, founded c. 631 BC by a group of emigrants from the island of Thera in the Aegean. Their leader, Battus, became the first king, founding the dynasty of the Battiads, whose members, named alternately Battus and Arcesilaus, ruled Cyrene for eight generations (until c. 440 BC). Under their rule, the city prospered economically and expanded, establishing its

Antarctica

2005-03-14T13:42:00.000-08:00

France, History Of, The conquest of Burgundy

2005-03-12T15:53:00.002-08:00

In spite of these partitions, the Frankish kings continued their conquests. One of their primary concerns was to extend their dominion over the whole of Gaul. It took two campaigns to overcome the Burgundian kingdom. In 523 Clodomir, Childebert I, and Chlotar I, as allies of Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, moved into Burgundy, whose king, Sigismund, Theodoric's son-in-law,

France, History Of, The conquest of Burgundy

2005-03-12T15:53:00.001-08:00

France, History Of, The conquest of Burgundy

2005-03-12T15:53:00.000-08:00

Heinrich Von Melk

2005-03-07T00:51:00.000-08:00

A Benedictine lay brother of the Austrian monastery of Melk, he composed a vivid poem Von des T�des geh�gede (c. 1150 - 60; �Remembrance of Death� or �Memento Mori�). The monkish theme is traditional, but the poem's satiric edge and unflattering description of the contemporary emerging feudal and courtly culture

France, History Of, The Directory

2005-03-06T22:02:00.000-08:00

The new regime, referred to as the Directory, began auspiciously in October 1795 with a successful constitutional plebiscite and a general amnesty for political prisoners. But as one of its final acts the Convention added the �Two-thirds Decree� to the package, requiring for the sake of continuity that two-thirds of its deputies must sit by right in the new legislature

Belaya River

2005-03-05T15:35:00.000-08:00

River in Bashkortostan republic, west-central Russia. The Belaya is the largest tributary of the Kama River, which is itself an important tributary of the Volga. The Belaya rises in the southern Urals at the foot of Mount Iremel, and after flowing southwestward through a narrow mountain valley, the river turns sharply north and its valley becomes broad and terraced.

Jabneh

2005-03-04T18:07:00.000-08:00

Greek �Jamnia�, modern �Yibna�, also called �Yavne� ancient city of Palestine (now Israel) lying about 15 miles (24 km) south of Tel Aviv - Yafo and 4 miles (6 km) from the Mediterranean Sea. Settled by Philistines, Jabneh came into Jewish hands in the time of Uzziah in the 8th century BC. Judas Maccabeus (d. 161 BC) attacked the harbour of Jabneh in his anger at the inhabitants' hostility. On the destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem by the Romans

Neo-thomism

2005-03-03T01:19:00.000-08:00

Modern revival of the philosophical and theological system known as Thomism (q.v.).

Zambezi River

2005-03-02T13:57:00.000-08:00

The Lozi (Barotse), who dominate much of the upper Zambezi, have taken advantage of the seasonal flooding of the Barotse Plain for centuries and have an agricultural economy that is supplemented by animal husbandry, fishing, and trade. The main groups of the middle Zambezi include the Tonga, Shona, Chewa, and Nsenga peoples, all of whom largely practice subsistence agriculture.

Anazarbus

2005-03-01T13:03:00.000-08:00

In full� Caesarea ad Anazarbus�, modern �Aga�li�, formerly ��e�enanavarza � former city of the ancient province of Cilicia in Anatolia that was important in the Roman and Byzantine periods. It was located in what is now south-central Turkey. The original native settlement was refounded by the Romans in 19 BC, following a visit by Augustus. It rivaled Tarsus, the Cilician capital, in the 3rd century AD, and under Diocletian became the seat of the separate

Cone

2005-02-27T10:51:00.000-08:00

Also called �strobilus� in botany, mass of scales or bracts, usually ovate in shape, containing the reproductive organs of certain non-flowering plants. The cone, a distinguishing feature of pines and other conifers, is roughly analogous to the flower of other plants. Cones (strobili) are also found on club mosses and horsetails.

China, The civil service

2005-02-26T17:25:00.000-08:00

One of the main contributions of the Han dynasty to the future of Imperial China lay in the development of the civil service and the structure of central and provincial government. The evolutionary changes that subsequently transformed Han polity beyond recognition were not directed at altering the underlying principles of government but at applying them

Hei Tiki

2005-02-25T16:08:00.000-08:00

Small neck pendant in the form of a human fetus, used by the Maori of New Zealand as a fertility symbol. Usually carved of green nephrite or a jadelike stone called pounamu that is found along the western coast of the South Island, hei tikis normally are worn only by women. The object is believed to possess magical powers that increase as it is passed on from generation

Domingo, Pl�cido

2005-02-24T11:57:00.000-08:00

Domingo's parents were noted performers in zarzuela, a form of Spanish light opera. He grew up in Mexico, where he studied piano at the National Conservatory of

Turbat

2005-02-23T06:57:00.000-08:00

Town, Balochistan province, Pakistan. The town is located on the left bank of the Kech River, which is a tributary to the Dasht River. The area in which Turbat is situated is drained to the south by the Dasht River; the Makran Range to the north and east descends to coastal plains in the south. The town is a marketplace for dates grown in the surrounding region and has a date-processing

Charadriiform, Auks (suborder Alcae)

2005-02-22T06:35:00.000-08:00

Alcids breed in island colonies along Arctic and north temperate seacoasts, with the exception of a few murrelets that breed inland on mountains. Even these must remain within flying distance of the sea. The breeding behaviour of the pigeon guillemot (Cepphus columba) is fairly typical of the family. This species breeds on islands and coasts of the North Pacific,

Sardinian Language

2005-02-21T10:08:00.000-08:00

Sardinian �Sardo� Romance language spoken on the Italian-ruled island of Sardinia; it is most similar to Vulgar Latin of all the modern Romance languages. Major dialects of Sardinian are Logudorian, spoken in central Sardinia; Campidanian, spoken in the south; Sassarian, spoken in the northwest; and Gallurian, spoken in the northeast. There is no standard form of Sardinian except the

Kagwa, Sir Apolo

2005-02-20T17:33:00.000-08:00

A devout Anglican, Kagwa was a leader of the Protestant faction in the civil wars of the Ganda people (1888 - 92). He became katikiro when King Mwanga returned to the throne in 1890 and grew increasingly powerful

Juba Ii

2005-02-19T18:40:00.000-08:00

As a child of about five Juba was paraded in Rome in Caesar's triumphal procession after the death of Juba I but subsequently was given a good education in Italy. Octavian

Nilo-saharan Languages

2005-02-18T08:06:00.000-08:00

The original expansion of the Nilo-Saharan family may have been associated with the Aquatic industry. This industry, which dates to the 8th millennium BC, is a conglomeration of cultures that exploited the food resources of lakes, rivers, and surrounding areas from Lake Rudolf in East Africa to the bend of the Niger River in West Africa during a long era of wetter climate

India, Developments in the Deccan

2005-02-17T17:50:00.000-08:00

Toward the last years of Akbar's reign, the Nizam Shahis of Ahmadnagar in the Deccan had engaged the attention of the emperor considerably. The main objective of his intervention in Ahmadnagar was to gain Berar, which had been recently acquired by Ahmadnagar from Khandesh, and Balaghat, which had been a bone of contention between Ahmadnagar and Gujarat. By 1596 Berar was conquered

Triceps Muscle

2005-02-16T18:39:00.000-08:00

Any muscle with three heads, or points of origin, particularly the large extensor along the back of the upper arm in humans. It originates just below the socket of the scapula (shoulder blade) and at two distinct areas of the humerus, the bone of the upper arm. It extends downward and inserts on (attaches to) the upper part of the ulna, in the forearm. Its major action is extension

Improvisation

2005-02-15T13:32:00.000-08:00

Many of

Quantity Theory Of Money

2005-02-14T20:08:00.000-08:00

Economic theory relating changes in the price levels to changes in the quantity of money. In its developed form, it constitutes an analysis of the factors underlying inflation and deflation. As developed by the English philosopher John Locke in the 17th century, the Scottish philosopher David Hume in the 18th century, and others, it was a weapon against the mercantilists

Caudata, Bones and cartilage

2005-02-13T22:31:00.000-08:00

The rather weak skull of adults is composed of various paired and unpaired bones. These bones may fuse or be lost in different groups, and their presence and arrangement are important in classification. Much of the fusion and loss of skull bones is associated with a trend toward tongue feeding. Small, double-cusped teeth line the margins of the jaw and spread over parts

Carte, Richard D'oyly

2005-02-12T02:10:00.000-08:00

Originally a composer, Carte became a music manager, representing the French composer Charles Gounod. After commissioning Gilbert

San Diego

2005-02-11T19:35:00.000-08:00

Port, city, and important U.S. military and naval base, seat (1850) of San Diego county, southern California, U.S. It lies along the Pacific Ocean at San Diego Bay (there bridged to Coronado). Sighted in 1542 and named San Miguel by Juan Rodr�guez Cabrillo, the area was renamed San Diego de Alcal� de Henares in 1602 by Sebasti�n Vizca�no. Gaspar de Portol� founded a presidio (military post) there

Handcuffs

2005-02-10T23:20:00.000-08:00

Device for shackling the hands, used by police on prisoners under arrest. Until modern times, handcuffs were of two kinds: (1) the figure 8, which confined the hands close together either in front of or behind the body, and (2) rings that fitted around the wrists and were connected by a short chain, these being somewhat like those used by modern police forces. The old names were

Skeleton Sledding

2005-02-09T23:56:00.000-08:00

Also called �Cresta sledding� winter sport in which the skeleton sled, or Cresta, consisting of steel runners fastened to a platform chassis, is ridden in a headfirst, prone position. Skeleton sledding competitions are typically held on the same courses used for bobsled contests. It is a dangerous and thrilling sport where riders, with their faces just inches above the icy course, attain speeds

Papp, L�szl�

2005-02-08T20:29:00.000-08:00

Papp, a former railway clerk, competed as a middleweight (161 pounds [73 kg]) at the 1948 Olympic Games in London. A hard-hitting left-hander, he won the first of his gold medals by defeating Britain's John Wright in the final match. In 1952, when the

Kilby, Jack

2005-02-07T03:20:00.000-08:00

In full �Jack St. Clair Kilby� American engineer and one of the inventors of the integrated circuit, a system of interconnected transistors on a single microchip. In 2000 Kilby was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.

Beaconsfield

2005-02-06T13:52:00.000-08:00

The wide main street of the old town of Beaconsfield, bordered by 18th-century houses, contrasts with the modern town, in which commuters to London - 28 miles (39 km) to the southeast - reside. Beaconsfield was adopted by Benjamin Disraeli, the 19th-century British

Tacna

2005-02-05T06:24:00.000-08:00

Southernmost departamento of Peru, bounded by the Pacific Ocean (southwest), Bolivia (northeast), and Chile (south). It occupies an area of 6,171 square miles (15,983 square km). In the coastal desert of the southwest, settlement depends on irrigation provided by the Locumba and Sama rivers. The northeast lies high in the Andes. The one area of concentrated settlement is around the city

Aliquippa

2005-02-04T11:31:00.000-08:00

City, Beaver county, western Pennsylvania, U.S. It lies along the Ohio River, just northwest of Pittsburgh. Settled about 1750 as a post for trade with Delaware, Iroquois, and Shawnee Indians, it was first known as Logstown and later renamed for �Queen� Aliquippa, probably an Iroquois. After the French and Indian War (1754 - 63), the Indian peoples lost their title to the land, and Logstown

La Rochefoucauld Family

2005-02-03T18:50:00.000-08:00

One of France's noblest families, traceable in Angoumois to the year 1019. Ducal titles belonging to it are: duke (duc) de La Rochefoucauld (1622); duke de La Roche-Guyon (1679); duke d'Anville (1732); duke d'Estissac; duke de Liancourt (1747); duke de Doudeauville (1780); duke (duca) di Bisaccia (Neapolitan title; 1851); and duke (duque) de Estr�es (Spanish title; 1892). Its two best-known members, Fran�ois VI, Duke de La Rochefoucauld,

Gymnodinium

2005-02-02T21:23:00.000-08:00

Genus of marine or freshwater organisms called dinoflagellates. Members of the genus are bilaterally symmetrical with a delicate pellicle (or envelope) and disk-shaped chromatophores, which, when present, contain yellow, brown, green, or blue pigments. The genus is claimed by both botanists and zoologists, for, like all dinoflagellates, it has both plantlike and animal-like

Serialism

2005-02-01T17:41:00.000-08:00

In music, technique that has been used in some musical compositions roughly since World War I. Strictly speaking, a serial pattern in music is merely one that repeats over and over for a significant stretch of a composition. In this sense, some medieval composers wrote serial music, because they made use of isorhythm, which is a distinct rhythmic pattern that repeats

Dwiggins, William Addison

2005-01-31T01:40:00.000-08:00

After studying with Frederic Goudy in Chicago, Dwiggins moved in 1906 to Hingham, Mass., where he earned his living

Viscacha

2005-01-30T07:36:00.000-08:00

Any of four species of slender yet fairly large South American rodents similar to chinchillas. They have short forelimbs, long hindlimbs, and a long, bushy tail. The soft fur is long and dense, and the soles of the feet have fleshy pads.[how about a brief comment on interesting social structure, vocalizations, and hunting for fur/meat/extermination

Sherer, Rabbi Moshe

2005-01-29T16:02:00.000-08:00

American Orthodox Jewish leader who aided the right wing of Orthodox Judaism by helping build the Agudath Israel of America organization from a small group into an influential force (b. June 8, 1921, Brooklyn, N.Y.--d. May 17, 1998, Manhattan, N.Y.).

Pox Disease

2005-01-28T18:04:00.000-08:00

Any of a complex of viral diseases in human beings and domestic animals, marked chiefly by eruptions of the skin and mucous membranes. Sheep pox and rabbit pox are spread by airborne infectious particles that are inhaled. Horse pox, fowl pox, and mouse pox usually are spread by skin contact. Cowpox (vaccinia) and pseudo-cowpox (paravaccinia), localized on the udder and

Venezuela, Flag Of

2005-01-27T01:51:00.000-08:00

In 1797 Manuel Gual and Jos� Mar�a Espa�a, plotting to overthrow Spanish rule in what is now Venezuela, proposed a complex flag with the colours white, yellow, blue, and red. In 1801 the revolutionary leader Francisco de Miranda chose red, yellow, and blue for his flag, although five years later he favoured black, red, and yellow. Various arrangements of the colours later appeared,

Ocean, Seamounts, guyots, and abyssal hills

2005-01-26T21:40:00.000-08:00

Seamounts are submarine volcanoes with more than 1,000 metres of relief. Aseismic ridges are built by chains of overlapping seamounts. A seamount is akin to a subaerial shield volcano in that it also has gently sloping sides (5� to 15�) and is constructed by nonexplosive eruptions of alkaline basalt lavas that are thought to originate from depths of roughly 150 kilometres. About

Biblical Literature, The content of Acts

2005-01-25T07:29:00.000-08:00

The outline of Acts can be roughly divided into two parts: the mission under Peter, centred in Jerusalem (chapters 1 - 12); and the missions to the Gentiles all the way to Rome (cf. chapter 1, verse 8), under the leadership of Paul (chapters 13 - 28). The earlier sections deal with the Jerusalem church under Peter and the gradual spread of the gospel beyond Jewish limits (in chapters 10 - 11, for example,

Anthurium

2005-01-24T06:20:00.000-08:00

Genus of tropical American herbaceous plants, comprising about 600 species in the arum family (Araceae), many of which are popular foliage plants. A few species are widely grown for the florist trade for their showy, long-lasting blossoms, which consist of colourful leathery, shiny spathes surrounding or subtending a central rodlike spadix that bears numerous tiny

Scandinavian Literature, Poetry

2005-01-23T14:29:00.000-08:00

Much poetry was written up to the time of the Reformation, and many new forms were devised. The best poems were religious pieces, in honour of the Virgin, the Apostles, or other saints. The well-known Lilja (c. 1350; �The Lily�) by Eysteinn �sgr�msson, a monk from Thykkvabaer, gave an account of the fall of Satan, the creation, the first sin, and the birth, life, and Passion of Christ. The term

East Australian Current

2005-01-22T06:34:00.000-08:00

Surface oceanic current, a section of the counterclockwise flow in the Tasman Sea, southwestern Pacific Ocean. It is formed by water masses from the Coral Sea - equatorial water driven by monsoonal winds from January to March and eastward subtropical flow from April to December - which pass southeast between the Great Barrier and Chesterfield reefs (20� S latitude), paralleling

China, Foreign religions

2005-01-21T11:53:00.000-08:00

Tibetan Buddhism always remained outside Chinese civilization, as did other imported religions. A certain number of Muslims came to China, all from the Middle East or from Central Asia. The Turkic �ng�t tribe was largely Nestorian Christian. Many tombstones have been preserved with a bilingual Turkic and Chinese inscription, but none of these believers seems

Uintatherium

2005-01-20T14:46:00.000-08:00

Extinct genus of large, primitive hoofed mammals found as fossils in North America in terrestrial deposits of the Middle and Late Eocene Epochs (52 million to 36.6 million years ago). The uintatherium, which was as large as the modern rhinoceros, was among the largest animals of its time. The limbs were strongly constructed in order to support the massive body. The skull was

End Stop

2005-01-19T02:26:00.000-08:00

Compare enjambment.

Leaf Fish

2005-01-18T11:21:00.000-08:00

The name leaf fish is applied specifically

Ear, Human

2005-01-17T00:53:00.000-08:00

The human ear, like that of other mammals, contains sense organs that serve two quite different functions: that of hearing and that of postural equilibrium and coordination

T'ao-y�

2005-01-16T18:08:00.000-08:00

Hsien (county), northern Taiwan, with an area of 471 sq mi (1,221 sq km). It is bordered by the hsiens of T'ai-pei (north), I-lan (east), and Hsin-chu (south) and by the Taiwan Strait (west). Ranges of the Hs�eh-shan Shan-mo (mountain range) extend over most of the southeastern part of the county and gradually merge with the fertile alluvial coastal plains to the northwest where paddy rice, sweet potatoes,

Felsenmeer

2005-01-15T16:09:00.000-08:00

(German: �sea of rock�), exposed rock surfaces that have been quickly broken up by frost action so that much rock is buried under a cover of angular shattered boulders. These mantles principally occur in Arctic regions and high mountain areas. Their continuity and depth varies with climate, vegetation, and rock type, but they may be as much as 4 metres (12 feet) deep. Felsenmeer

Brachistochrone

2005-01-14T06:31:00.000-08:00

The planar curve on which a body subjected only to the force of gravity will slide (without friction) between two points in the least possible time (see Figure). Finding the curve was a problem first posed by Galileo. In the late 17th century the Swiss mathematician Jakob Bernoulli offered a reward for the solution of this problem. He and his younger brother Johann, along

Arrian

2005-01-13T03:39:00.000-08:00

Latin �in full Flavius Arrianus � Greek historian and philosopher who was the author of a work describing the campaigns of Alexander the Great. Entitled Anabasis, presumably in order to recall Xenophon's work of that title, it describes Alexander's military exploits in seven books; an eighth, the Indica, tells of Indian customs and the voyage of Nearchus in the Persian

N�rdlingen

2005-01-12T01:43:00.000-08:00

City, Bavaria Land (state), southern Germany, on the Eger River. A seat of the bishop of Regensburg in 898, it became a free imperial city in 1215. Several battles in the Thirty Years' War (17th century) and the French Revolutionary Wars (18th century) were fought outside the medieval walls that still surround the old city. Notable buildings include the late-Gothic town hall, the Church of

Orogeny

2005-01-11T20:31:00.000-08:00

Mountain-building event, generally one that occurs in geosynclinal areas. In contrast to epeirogeny, an orogeny tends to occur during a relatively short time in linear belts and results in intensive deformation. Orogeny is usually accompanied by folding and faulting of strata, development of angular unconformities, and the deposition of clastic wedges of sediments

Ariaramnes

2005-01-10T17:06:00.000-08:00

The son of the previous king, Teispes, Ariaramnes ruled over Persis (modern Fars, in southwestern Iran); his brother Cyrus I was given control of Anshan in Elam, north of the Persian Gulf. A campaign by the Medes, however, broke the power of Ariaramnes, and he and his son Arsames, who succeeded him, became vassals of Media

Nitta Yoshisada

2005-01-09T17:51:00.000-08:00

Japanese warrior whose support of the imperial restoration of the emperor Go-Daigo was crucial in destroying the Kamakura shogunate, the military dictatorship that governed Japan from 1192 until 1333. The ultimate defeat of Nitta resulted in the end of the imperial restoration and the rise to power of the Ashikaga family, which

Canal Zone

2005-01-08T11:19:00.000-08:00

Also called �Panama Canal Zone, � historic administrative entity in Panama over which the United States exercised jurisdictional rights from 1903 to 1979. It was a strip of land 10 miles (16 km) wide along the Panama Canal, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean and bisecting the Isthmus of Panama. It covered 553 square miles (1,432 square km), of which about one-third was water (principally Gatun Lake). The Canal Zone

Kandahar

2005-01-07T15:57:00.000-08:00

The strategic and

Biblical Literature, The roles of Deborah, Gideon, and Jephthah

2005-01-06T13:39:00.000-08:00

The first notably important judge of the tribal confederacy was Deborah, who was primarily a seer, poet, and interpreter of dreams but still a person endowed with the kind of charisma that identified her as a judge sent from Yahweh. The story of the victory of the Israelites under the charismatic leadership of Deborah and the military leadership of Barak, her commander,

Alaska, Early settlement

2005-01-05T23:36:00.000-08:00

The first European settlement was established in 1784 by Russians at Three Saints Bay, near present-day Kodiak. It served as Alaska's capital until 1806, when the Russian-American Company, organized in 1799 under charter from the emperor Paul I, moved its headquarters to richer sea otter grounds in the Alexander Archipelago at Sitka. The company governed Alaska until its purchase

Mollet, Guy

2005-01-04T09:13:00.000-08:00

A teacher of English at the Arras lyc�e, Mollet joined the Socialist Party in 1921. In 1939 he was elected secretary-general of the Teaching Federation, a Socialist

Nabatiyah At-tahta, An-

2005-01-03T14:20:00.000-08:00

Town, southern Lebanon. It is the major centre of tobacco growing in Lebanon. Other agricultural products are grapes, olives, figs, and grains. Most of the inhabitants of the town are Shi'ite Muslims. A main road crosses the region connecting an-Nabatiyah at-Tahta to Sidon via the road along the Mediterranean Coast, to Marj 'Uyun, and southeastward to the Israeli border and the

India, Flag Of

2005-01-02T22:12:00.000-08:00

For decades the All-India Congress under the leadership of Mohandas K. Gandhi struggled to rally the millions of British-ruled peoples in the Indian subcontinent. Like similar movements in other countries, it early felt the need for a distinctive symbol that could represent its nationalist objectives. In 1921 a student named Pinglay Venkayya presented a flag design

Icaza, Jorge

2005-01-01T05:36:00.000-08:00

Icaza started writing for the theatre, but when he was censured for a 1933 dramatic script, El dictador, he turned his attention, and his indignation,

Ligurian

2004-12-31T17:10:00.000-08:00

No ancient texts speak of Ligurians in southern Gaul as nations or attribute definite racial characteristics to them. They were apparently an indigenous collection

Pretoria

2004-12-30T16:06:00.000-08:00

City in Gauteng province and administrative capital of the Republic of South Africa. Pretoria stretches along both sides of the Apies River and extends into the western foothills of the Magaliesberg on the east. Founded in 1855 by Marthinus, son of Andries Pretorius, the Boer statesman for whom the city was named, it became the capital of the Transvaal in 1860, administrative

Olynthus

2004-12-29T10:16:00.000-08:00

Ancient Greek city situated on the Chalcidice Peninsula of northwestern Greece. It lay about 1.5 miles (2.5 km) inland from the Gulf of Torone of the Adriatic Sea. A Thracian people called the Bottiaeans inhabited Olynthus until 479 BC, when Persian forces killed them and handed the town over to local Greeks from Chalcidice. Though dominated for a time thereafter by Athens, Olynthus

Kulhwch And Olwen

2004-12-28T04:00:00.000-08:00

Welsh �Culhwch Ac Olwen � (c. 1100), Welsh prose work that is one of the earliest-known Arthurian romances. It is a lighthearted tale that skillfully incorporates themes from mythology, folk literature, and history. The earliest form of the story survives in an early 14th-century manuscript called The White Book of Rhydderch, and the first translation of the story into modern English was made by Lady

Bukhara

2004-12-27T20:28:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Buchara�, or �Bokhara� oblast (province), central Uzbekistan, with an area of 15,200 square miles (39,400 square km). The oblast was constituted in 1938, but in 1982 much of its territory in the north and east was transferred to a newly formed Navoi oblast. Bukhara oblast mainly comprises the Kimirekkum Desert, with the lower reaches of the Zeravshan River in the southwest. The climate is continental, with cold winters

�rp�d Dynasty

2004-12-26T00:09:00.000-08:00

Rulers of Hungary from the late 9th century until 1301, under whom the Hungarian nation was transformed from a confederation of Hungarian tribes into a powerful state of east-central Europe. The dynasty was named after �rp�d (d. 907), who was chosen by seven Hungarian tribes to lead them westward from their dwelling place on the Don River (889). Having crossed the Carpathian Mountains

Great Malvern

2004-12-25T06:53:00.000-08:00

Also known as �Malvern� town, Malvern Hills district, administrative and historic county of Worcestershire, England. Great Malvern was formerly the largest of several villages and hamlets on the eastern slopes of the Malvern Hills but has since grown to incorporate them. Malvern Chase, a medieval administrative entity, was granted to the earl of Gloucester by Edward I (reigned 1272 - 1307). Little

Deer

2004-12-24T05:25:00.000-08:00

(family Cervidae), any of the ruminant mammals (order Artiodactyla) having two large and two small hooves on each foot and having antlers in the males of most species and in the females of some species. Indeed, the feature most commonly associated with deer is the presence of antlers. Deer occur mainly in forests but may be found in habitats as diverse as deserts, tundra,

Kidney Function Test

2004-12-23T16:54:00.000-08:00

Any clinical and laboratory procedure designed to evaluate various aspects of renal (kidney) capacity and efficiency and to aid in the diagnosis of kidney disorders. Such tests can be divided into several categories, which include (1) clearance tests that give an estimate of the filtration rate of the glomeruli, the principal filtering structures of the kidneys

Philadelphia Centennial Exposition

2004-12-22T01:53:00.000-08:00

Ten years in the planning, the Centennial Exposition cost more than $11 million and covered more than 450 acres (180 hectares) of Philadelphia's Fairmount Park. President Ulysses S. Grant opened the exposition on May 10, 1876, and

Rachmaninoff, Sergey

2004-12-21T02:35:00.000-08:00

In full �Sergey Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff�, Rachmaninoff also spelled �Rakhmaninov�, or �Rachmaninov� composer who was the last great figure of the tradition of Russian Romanticism and a leading piano virtuoso of his time. He is especially known for his piano concerti and the piece for piano and orchestra entitled Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini (1954). (Click here for an

Drame Bourgeois

2004-12-20T01:03:00.000-08:00

Type of play that enjoyed brief popularity in France in the late 18th century. Written for and about the middle class and based upon the theories of the French essayist and encyclopaedist Denis Diderot (1713 - 84), the drame bourgeois was conceived of as occupying a place between tragedy and comedy; it was designed as a serious depiction of middle-class problems, especially social

Rhys, Si�n Dafydd

2004-12-19T16:45:00.000-08:00

Rhys spent some time at Oxford then earned a degree in medicine from the University of Siena, Italy. He practiced as a physician at Cardiff,

Anatta

2004-12-18T21:12:00.000-08:00

Sanskrit �Anatman, � in Buddhism, the doctrine that there is in humans no permanent, underlying substance that can be called the soul. Instead, the individual is compounded of five factors of consciousness (Pali: khandha; Sanskrit: skandha) that are constantly changing. The concept of anatta, or anatman, is a departure from the Hindu belief in atman (�the self�). The absence of a self, anicca (the impermanence